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Optimization of microwave pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste for enhancing methane production: Hyacinth

Bai-Hang Zhao, Jie Chen, Han-Qing Yu, Zhen-Hu Hu, Zheng-Bo Yue, Jun Li

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第11卷 第6期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-017-0965-z

摘要： The effect of microwave pretreatment on the anaerobic degradation of hyacinth was investigated using response surface methodology (RSM). The components of lignin and the other constituents of hyacinth were altered by microwave pretreatment. Comparison of the near-infrared spectra of hyacinth pretreated by microwave irradiation and water-heating pretreatment revealed that no new compounds were generated during hyacinth pretreatment by microwave irradiation. Atomic force microscopy observations indicated that the physical structures of hyacinth were disrupted by microwave pretreatment. The yield of methane per gram of the microwave-irradiated substrate increased by 38.3% as compared to that of the substrate pretreated via water-heating. A maximum methane yield of 221 mL·g-sub was obtained under the optimum pretreatment conditions (substrate concentration (PSC) = 20.1 g·L and pretreatment time (PT) = 14.6 min) using RSM analysis. A maximum methane production rate of 0.76 mL·h ·g-sub was obtained by applying PSC= 9.5 g·L and PT= 11 min. Interactive item coefficient analysis showed that methane production was dependent on the PSC and PT, separately, whereas the interactive effect of the PSC and PT on methane production was not significant. The same trend was also observed for the methane production rate.

关键词： Microwave pretreatment     Response surface methodology     Methane production     Hyacinth     Anaerobic digestion    

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Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness

Guangyin ZHEN, Xueqin LU, Baoying WANG, Youcai ZHAO, Xiaoli CHAI, Dongjie NIU, Tiantao ZHAO

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2014年 第8卷 第2期   页码 267-276 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0530-3

摘要： In this work, the enhanced dewaterabing characteristics of waste activated sludge using Fenton pretreatment was investigated in terms of effectiveness and statistical optimization. Response surface method (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to evaluate and optimize the effectiveness of important operational parameters, i.e., H O concentrations, Fe concentrations and initial pH values. A significant quadratic polynomial model was obtained ( 0.9189) with capillary suction time (CST) reduction efficiency as the response. Numerical optimization based on desirability function was carried out. The optimum values for H O , Fe , and initial pH were found to be 178 mg·g VSS (volatile suspended solids), 211 mg·g VSS and 3.8, respectively, at which CST reduction efficiency of 98.25% could be achieved. This complied well with those predicted by the established polynomial model. The results indicate that Fenton pretreatment is an effective technique for advanced waste activated sludge dewatering. The enhancement of sludge dewaterability by Fenton’s reagent lies in the migration of sludge bound water due to the disintegration of sludge flocs and microbial cells lysis.

关键词： Fenton pretreatment     response surface methodology (RSM)     capillary suction time (CST)     dewaterabilty     molecular weight distribution    

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Biological pretreatment of corn stover by solid state fermentation of

Jian ZHANG, Xin REN, Wenqun CHEN, Jie BAO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第2期   页码 146-151 doi: 10.1007/s11705-012-1220-6

摘要： Biological pretreatment is a promising way to overcome the biorecalcitrance of cleaving the supermolecular structure of lignocellulose by lignin degrading enzymes from microorganisms. Solid state fermentation of corn stover with the white-rot fungus was carried out and the efficiency of this pretreatment was evaluated. The enzymatic hydrolysis yield reached a maximum when the corn stover was biologically pretreated for nine days, and the hydrolysis yield decreased sharply if the solid state fermentation was carried out for more than nine days. A possible explanation for this sharp decrease is that not only the lignin degrading enzymes (LiP and MnP) were secreted, but also other metabolites, which were toxic or fatal to the hydrolysis enzymes resulting in the lower hydrolysis yield were generated during the prolonged period of biopretreatment. These results are useful to help determine the optimal timing and to understand the lignin structure and degradation mechanism in biological pretreatment processes.

关键词： biological pretreatment     Phanerochaete chrysosporium     solid state fermentation     biorecalcitrance     hydrolysis yield    

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木质纤维原料制乙醇原料预处理技术

靳胜英,张福琴,张礼安

《中国工程科学》 2008年 第10卷 第11期   页码 82-88

摘要：

从预处理的必要性出发，论述了木质纤维原料的预处理技术，分析了主要预处理技术的特点和处理纤维质原料的效果，并对未来预处理技术的发展方向提出了建议，供从事木质纤维素制乙醇的研究人员参考。

关键词： 木质纤维原料     乙醇     预处理技术    

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Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Guangxue WU , Zhenhu HU , Mark G. HEALY , Xinmin ZHAN ,

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 300-306 doi: 10.1007/s11783-009-0031-6

摘要： Since the solubilization of meat and bone meal (MBM) is a prerequisite in many MBM disposal approaches, enhancement of the solubilization by means of thermochemical pretreatment was investigated in this study at two temperatures (55°C and 131°C) and six sodium hydroxide (NaOH) concentrations (0, 1.25, 2.5, 5, 10 and 20g/L). The MBM volatile solid (VS) reduction ratio was up to 66% and 70% at 55°C and 131°C, respectively. At the same temperature, the VS reduction ratio increased with the increase in the dosage of NaOH. The study on the methane (CH) production potential of pretreated MBM shows that the addition of NaOH at 55°C did not cause the inhibition of the succeeding CH production process. However, CH production was inhibited by the addition of NaOH at 131°C. The CH production potential was in the range of 389 to 503mL CH/g VS MBM and 464 to 555mL CH/g VS MBM at 55°C and 131°C, respectively.

关键词： thermochemical pretreatment     meat and bone meal     solid reduction     solid solubilization     methane production potential    

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Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第1期   页码 17-25 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0371-x

摘要： Microwave-hydrothermal treatment of persistent and bioaccumulative perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) in water with persulfate ( ) has been found effective. However, applications of this process to effectively remediate PFOA pollution require a better understanding on free-radical scavenging reactions that also take place. The objectives of this study were to investigate the effects of pH (pH= 2.5, 6.6, 8.8, and 10.5), chloride concentrations (0.01–0.15 mol·L ), and temperature (60°C, 90°C, and 130°C) on persulfate oxidation of PFOA under microwave irradiation. Maximum PFOA degradation occurred at pH 2.5, while little or no degradation at pH 10.5. Lowering system pH resulted in an increase in PFOA degradation rate. Both high pH and chloride concentrations would result in more scavenging of sulfate free radicals and slow down PFOA degradation. When chloride concentrations were less than 0.04 mol·L at 90°C and 0.06 mol·L at 60°C, presence of chloride ions had insignificant impacts on PFOA degradation. However, beyond these concentration levels, PFOA degradation rates reduced significantly with an increase in chloride concentrations, especially under the higher temperature.

关键词： microwave     perfluorooctanoic acid     pH     persulfate     chloride ions     perfluorocarboxylic acids    

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Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from tea

Liyun WANG, Peiyong QIN, Yan HU,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2010年 第4卷 第3期   页码 307-313 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0282-6

摘要： This study demonstrated a promising method for quickly extracting tea polyphenol (TP) by microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) technology. Some influential parameters, including MAE temperature, microwave power, concentration of extraction solvent, MAE time and the solid/liquid ratio, were investigated. The optimum condition of MAE was obtained by dual extraction with 60% ethanol (v/v) and the solid/liquid ratio 1:12 g/mL at 80°C for 10 minutes under the microwave power 600 W. The yield of TP was 96.5% under the described condition. Compared with traditional methods, including hot reflux extraction (HRE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and supercritical fluid extraction (SFE), the extraction time was saved 8 times than that of HRE, and the yield was increased by 17.5%. The extraction time at comparable levels of production was saved 2 times, and the energy consumption was one fourth that of UAE. The extraction time was saved 5 times than that of SFE, and the yield of TP was increased by 40%. Moreover, compared with MAE of TP studied by others, it decreased the solid/liquid ratio from 1 ∶ 20 to 1 ∶ 12 g/mL without 90-min pre-leaching time, and the yield of TP was increased by 6%–40%.

关键词： energy consumption     microwave-assisted extraction     optimum condition     pre-leaching     concentration    

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Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第16卷 第1期   页码 122-132 doi: 10.1007/s11465-020-0603-5

摘要： Microwave induced plasma torches find wide applications in material and chemical analysis. Investigation of a coaxial electrode microwave induced plasma (CE–MIP) torch is conducted in this study, making it available for glass surface modification and polishing. A dedicated nozzle is designed to inject secondary gases into the main plasma jet. This study details the adaptation of a characterisation process for CE–MIP technology. Microwave spectrum analysis is used to create a polar plot of the microwave energy being emitted from the coaxial electrode, where the microwave energy couples with the gas to generate the plasma jet. Optical emission spectroscopy analysis is also employed to create spatial maps of the photonic intensity distribution within the plasma jet when different additional gases are injected into it. The CE–MIP torch is experimentally tested for surface energy modification on glass where it creates a super-hydrophilic surface.

关键词： microwave induced plasma     spectrum analysis     surface modification    

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Soybean drying characteristics in microwave rotary dryer with forced convection

Ruifang WANG, Zhanyong LI, Yanhua LI, Jingsheng YE

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年 第3卷 第3期   页码 289-292 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0022-y

摘要： A new hybrid drying technique by combining microwave and forced convection drying within a rotary drum, i.e., microwave rotary drying, was developed with the purpose to improve the uniformity of microwave drying. In a laboratory microwave rotary dryer, rewetted soybean was utilized as experimental material to study the effects of drum rotating speed, ventilation flow rate, and specific microwave power on the drying kinetics and cracking ratio of soybean. It was found that, with rotation, the cracking ratio can be lowered but without distinct improvement in the drying rate. Increasing ventilation flow rate and specific microwave power can improve the drying rate, but the cracking ratio also increases as a negative result. The cracking ratio lower than 10% can be attained for ventilation flow rate lower than 2.0 m ·h or specific microwave energy lower than 0.4 kW·kg in the present experiments.

关键词： cracking     microwave     rotary drying     soybean    

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Degradation of trace nitrobenzene in water by microwave-enhanced H

Honghu ZENG, Lanjing LU, Meina LIANG, Jie LIU, Yanghong LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年 第6卷 第4期   页码 477-483 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0395-x

摘要： To evaluate possible use of microwave-enhanced H O -based (MW/H O ) process to degrade trace nitrobenzene (NB) in water, a series of batch experiments were conducted. The results showed that 2450MHz microwave irradiation significantly enhanced oxidative decomposition of nitrobenzene (NB) in a H O system. About 90% NB was degraded by the MW/ H O process in 30 min. Moreover, the MW/ H O process could enhanced the oxidative degradation of NB even at relatively low temperature (50°C). When the initial concentration of NB was 300μg/L, the optimum ratio of H O to NB and MW power were 70 and 300 W respectively. The presence of humic acid significantly increased H O dosage. The ultraviolet absorbance at 254 nm (UV ) indicated degradation of NB was stepwise and some intermediates were produced. The gas chromatography-mass spectrometric (GC-MS) analysis showed that main intermediates were nitrophenolic and carbonyl compounds.

关键词： microwave     hydrogen peroxide     nitrobenzene     humic acid    

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Experimental and theoretical study of microwave enhanced catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Hui Shang, Pengfei Ye, Yude Yue, Tianye Wang, Wenhui Zhang, Sainab Omar, Jiawei Wang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 744-758 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1839-7

摘要： Hydrodesulfurization (HDS) of thiophene, as a gasoline model oil, over an industrial Ni-Mo/Al O catalyst was investigated in a continuous system under microwave irradiation. The HDS efficiency was much higher (5%‒14%) under microwave irradiation than conventional heating. It was proved that the reaction was enhanced by both microwave thermal and non-thermal effects. Microwave selective heating caused hot spots inside the catalyst, thus improved the reaction rate. From the analysis of the non-thermal effect, the molecular collisions were significantly increased under microwave irradiation. However, instead of being reduced, the apparent activation energy increased. This may be due to the microwave treatment hindering the adsorption though upright S-bind (η ) and enhancing the parallel adsorption (η ), both adsorptions were considered to favor to the direct desulfurization route and the hydrogenation route respectively. Therefore, the HDS process was considered to proceed along the hydrogenation route under microwave irradiation.

关键词： thiophene     microwave irradiation     hydrodesulfurization     non-thermal microwave effect    

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Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2019年 第13卷 第4期   页码 759-771 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1816-1

摘要： Microwave-induced film evaporation separation process has been reported recently to separate the polar/nonpolar mixture. However, the efficiency of the separation is still too low for practical applications, which requires further enhancement via different strategies such as optimization design of evaporator structure. In addition the depth understanding of the separation mechanisms is great importance for better utilization of the microwave-induced separation process. To carry out these investigations, a novel microwave-induced falling film evaporation instrument was developed in this paper. The improvement of the enhancement effect of microwave-induced separation was observed based on the improved film evaporator. The systematic experiments on microwave-induced separation with different binary azeotropic mixtures (ethanol-ethyl acetate system and dimethyl carbonate (DMC)-H O system) were conducted based on the new evaporator. For the ethanol-ethyl acetate system, microwave irradiation shift the direction of evaporation separation at higher ethanol content in the starting liquid mixture. Moreover, for DMC-H O system microwave-induced separation process broke through the limitations of the traditional distillation process. The results clearly demonstrated the microwave-induced evaporation separation process could be commendably applied to the separation of binary azeotrope with different dielectric properties. Effects of operating parameters are also investigated to trigger further mechanism understanding on the microwave-induced separation process.

关键词： process intensification     microwave     falling film evaporation     separation     azeotrope    

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Microwave enhanced stabilization of copper in artificially contaminated soil

Hua ZHANG, Zhiliang ZHU, Noboru YOSHIKAWA

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年 第5卷 第2期   页码 205-211 doi: 10.1007/s11783-010-0290-2

摘要： Microwave processing was used to stabilize copper ions in soil samples. Its effects on the stabilization efficiency were studied as a function of additive, microwave power, process time, and reaction atmosphere. The stabilization efficiency of the microwave process was evaluated based on the results of the toxicity characteristic leaching procedure (TCLP) test. The results showed that the optimal experimental condition contained a 700 W microwave power, 20 min process time and 3 iron wires as the additive, and that the highest stabilization efficiency level was more than 70%. In addition, the different reaction atmospheres showed no apparent effect on the stabilization efficiency of copper in the artificially contaminated soil. According to the result of the Tessier sequential extraction, the partial species of copper in the contaminated soil was deduced to transform from unstable species to stable states after the microwave process.

关键词： microwave     copper     stabilization    

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CuO/zeolite catalyzed oxidation of gaseous toluene under microwave heating

Longli BO, Jianbo LIAO, Yucai ZHANG, Xiaohui WANG, Quan YANG

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年 第7卷 第3期   页码 395-402 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0417-8

摘要： The development of a combined process of catalytic oxidation and microwave heating for treatment of toluene waste gas was described in this work. Toluene, a typical toxic volatile organic compound, was oxidized through a fixed bed reaction chamber containing zeolite-supported copper oxide (CuO/zeolite) catalyst mixed with silicon carbide (SiC), an excellent microwave-absorbing material. The target compound was efficiently degraded on the surface of the catalyst at high reaction temperature achieved by microwave-heated SiC. A set of experimental parameters, such as microwave power, air flow and the loading size of CuO etc., were investigated, respectively. The study demonstrated these parameters had critical impact on toluene degradation. Under optimal condition, 92% toluene was removed by this combined process, corresponding to an 80%–90% TOC removal rate. Furthermore, the catalyst was highly stable even after eight consecutive 6-h runs. At last, a hypothetical degradation pathway of toluene was proposed based on the experimental data obtained from gas chromatography-mass spectrum and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy analyses.

关键词： microwave     catalytic oxidation     CuO/zeolite catalyst     silicon carbide (SiC)     toluene    

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Effect of thermal pretreatment on the surface structure of PtSn/SiO

Guozhen Xu, Jian Zhang, Shengping Wang, Yujun Zhao, Xinbin Ma

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2016年 第10卷 第3期   页码 417-424 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1583-1

摘要： The effect of thermal pretreatment on the active sites and catalytic performances of PtSn/SiO catalyst in acetic acid (AcOH) hydrogenation was investigated in this article. The catalysts were characterized by N physical adsorption, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, pyridine Fourier-transform infrared spectra, and H -O titration on its physicochemical properties. The results showed that Pt species were formed primarily in crystalline structure and no PtSn alloy was observed. Meanwhile, with the increment of thermal pretreatment temperature, Pt dispersion showed a decreasing trend due to the aggregation of Pt particles. Simultaneously, the amount of Lewis acid sites was remarkably influenced by such thermal pretreatment owning to the consequent physicochemical property variation of Sn species. Interestingly, the catalytic activity showed the similar variation trend with that of Lewis acid sites, confirming the important roles of Lewis acid sites in AcOH hydrogenation. Moreover, a balancing effect between exposed Pt and Lewis acid sites was obtained, resulting in the superior catalytic performance in AcOH hydrogenation.

关键词： thermal pretreatment     acetic acid     hydrogenation     ethanol     PtSn/SiO2    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Optimization of microwave pretreatment of lignocellulosic waste for enhancing methane production: Hyacinth

Bai-Hang Zhao, Jie Chen, Han-Qing Yu, Zhen-Hu Hu, Zheng-Bo Yue, Jun Li

期刊论文

Enhanced dewatering characteristics of waste activated sludge with Fenton pretreatment: effectiveness

Guangyin ZHEN, Xueqin LU, Baoying WANG, Youcai ZHAO, Xiaoli CHAI, Dongjie NIU, Tiantao ZHAO

期刊论文

Biological pretreatment of corn stover by solid state fermentation of

Jian ZHANG, Xin REN, Wenqun CHEN, Jie BAO

期刊论文

木质纤维原料制乙醇原料预处理技术

靳胜英,张福琴,张礼安

期刊论文

Thermochemical pretreatment of meat and bone meal and its effect on methane production

Guangxue WU , Zhenhu HU , Mark G. HEALY , Xinmin ZHAN ,

期刊论文

Decomposition of perfluorooctanoic acid by microwave-activated persulfate: Effects of temperature, pH

Yuchi LEE, Shanglien LO, Jeff KUO, Chinghong HSIEH

期刊论文

Study on the microwave-assisted extraction of polyphenols from tea

Liyun WANG, Peiyong QIN, Yan HU,

期刊论文

Characterisation of a microwave induced plasma torch for glass surface modification

Adam BENNETT, Nan YU, Fengzhou FANG, Marco CASTELLI, Guoda CHEN, Alessio BALLERI, Takuya URAYAMA

期刊论文

Soybean drying characteristics in microwave rotary dryer with forced convection

Ruifang WANG, Zhanyong LI, Yanhua LI, Jingsheng YE

期刊论文

Degradation of trace nitrobenzene in water by microwave-enhanced H

Honghu ZENG, Lanjing LU, Meina LIANG, Jie LIU, Yanghong LI

期刊论文

Experimental and theoretical study of microwave enhanced catalytic hydrodesulfurization of thiophene

Hui Shang, Pengfei Ye, Yude Yue, Tianye Wang, Wenhui Zhang, Sainab Omar, Jiawei Wang

期刊论文

Improved film evaporator for mechanistic understanding of microwave-induced separation process

Xin Gao, Dandan Shu, Xingang Li, Hong Li

期刊论文

Microwave enhanced stabilization of copper in artificially contaminated soil

Hua ZHANG, Zhiliang ZHU, Noboru YOSHIKAWA

期刊论文

CuO/zeolite catalyzed oxidation of gaseous toluene under microwave heating

Longli BO, Jianbo LIAO, Yucai ZHANG, Xiaohui WANG, Quan YANG

期刊论文

Effect of thermal pretreatment on the surface structure of PtSn/SiO

Guozhen Xu, Jian Zhang, Shengping Wang, Yujun Zhao, Xinbin Ma

期刊论文